Numerous reports and investigations from cybersecurity researchers, government agencies, and journalists have raised serious concerns about its potential for Xiaomi data collection and surveillance.
1.Key findings and controversies
a.History of data collection and transmission
1)Initial findings (2014): A user discovered that a Xiaomi Redmi Note was sending private data, including photos and texts, to servers in Beijing. The data transfer allegedly occurred even with Xiaomi's cloud messaging service disabled. Xiaomi responded by stating that data collection was for providing cloud services and later offered international users the option to store their data on servers outside of mainland China.
2)Incognito mode tracking (2020): A Forbes investigation reported that Xiaomi's built-in browser collected user data, including incognito browsing activity, and sent it to servers in China. Cybersecurity researchers confirmed that the data, though anonymized, was poorly encrypted and could be easily de-anonymized. Xiaomi acknowledged the data collection but claimed it was anonymized and done with user consent.
b.Government and security agency warnings
1)Lithuanian Ministry of National Defence (2021): Lithuania's National Cyber Security Centre advised citizens to stop using Xiaomi phones, citing a built-in censorship capability that could be remotely activated. The blacklist included terms like "Free Tibet" and "democracy movement". Xiaomi denied the allegations and hired a third-party firm to audit its privacy practices.
2)United States sanctions (2021): The U.S. government temporarily placed Xiaomi on a blacklist, claiming it was a company "owned or controlled" by the People's Liberation Army. While a court later blocked the ban and the designation was removed, it highlighted significant U.S. government concerns about potential ties between Chinese companies and the state.
3)Indian government warnings (2025): The Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In) issued a security warning concerning a flaw in Xiaomi's Mi Connect service app that could expose sensitive user data on various Xiaomi devices, including phones, laptops, and TVs.
Legal and regulatory environment in China
As a company based in China, Xiaomi is subject to China's National Intelligence Law, which can compel any Chinese organization or citizen to "support, assist and cooperate with the state intelligence work". This legal framework provides the government with a mechanism to compel companies to turn over data, even without specific user consent.
Third-party analysis
4)University of Edinburgh research (2023):
Researchers found that several top Chinese phone brands, including Xiaomi, collect large amounts of sensitive user data through their custom operating systems and pre-installed apps.
5)Oversecured vulnerabilities (2024): A security firm discovered 20 "dangerous" vulnerabilities in various Xiaomi apps and system components. These flaws could potentially be exploited to steal files, disclose account data, and execute commands with system privileges. Xiaomi has since addressed these vulnerabilities through security updates.