While the latest Intel Linux driver update allows for the system to automatically decrease the PCIe link speed when overheating is detected, link width throttling is not added yet. A future update will integrate it as well, since PCIe 6.0 and its successor, scheduled to arrive around 2028, could benefit from this.https://www.notebookcheck.net/Intel-Linux-driver-update-brings-PCIe-6-0-and-7-0-thermal-throttling.836873.0.html
In fact, all these methods mean only one thing - the technical processes are not energy efficient enough and the quality of the connections is not reliable enough at the modern level to ensure stable synchronous transmission at such speeds, especially in both directions.
Like pci-e 5.0 SSD drives, which are simply not able to work normally (and most of the fast 4.0 ones) without active cooling. Again, due to the fact that NAND controllers and chips are not energy efficient enough.
The evolution of technical processes today has reached a flat curve instead of exponential growth earlier in terms of productivity growth per 1W of consumption, which leads to the creation of extremely pretentious solutions and technologies. And there is nothing on the horizon yet that will lead to another revolution in IT (AI? 100% not in the next 100 years) and in technological civilization in general.
"And there is nothing on the horizon yet"
There's actually something on the horizon: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pkYA4rALqEE